Mangur
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For the musical instrument, see Manjur (instrument). For the place in Afghanistan, see Mangur, Afghanistan.
Mangur is one of the largest Kurdish tribes of Eastern Kurdistan.They live in the district and cities of Piranshahr to Mahabad.There are about 170 villages of Mangur tribe and these villages stretch to the Iraqi Kurdistan to the city of Qaladiza and Pizhdar area.
This tribe consists of 32 families like:Sham,Kaderwashi, chekale, zodi, wejakh, shikhsharafi, Marzing and etc.
Mangur was one of the most important Kurdish tribes who establishe Bolbas Federation in the sense of making unity among themselves .These tribes were:Mâmash, Pirân, Zerzâ, Herki and Shekâk.
Jalal Talabani, the current President of Irak, is from the Mangur tribe. The Bulbas federation consisted of Mangur, Mamash, Piran, Shkak, Harki Zarza and some sects and small migratory tribes that in the west of river of mountainous country where they were under authority of Iranian government .During the ruler of end of Zand government and establishment of Qajar government, this federation in Kurdistan part of torrid zone covered section of Ranya region and Khoshnawati to Hwler and Qandil area and Rawanduz, During that time Rahmanpash Baba(the king)the son of Mahmudpasha Baba was ruling in1788.The strong and continuous war between Safawi and Othmani had weakened both Iranian and Turkish empire, some of the Kurdish emirates took opportunity .They began to struggle with these two occupying forces .There should be mentioned that oppression, looting, massacre, too much pressure and occupying the Kurdish country had paved the way for all the Kurdish sides to safeguard their honour and Kurdistan country. The ruling of Baban government in Solaymaniya and Mahammed pasha king of rawanduz or Mirmohammed son of Mustafa Beg ,well known as the blind king of Rawanduz in 1810 who was totally in power. On the other side because of his internecine war to take the power between Qajar tribe under the leadership of Agha mohammed Qajar and Zandya family under leadership of Fatalikhanizand disorder had prevailed in the country .On the other hand government representatives to fill their pocket, they did their own best .They developed violence, oppression, looting and rape among the people and they justified the massacre. The people of all the Kurdish emirates criticized them. The leadership of Bulbas tribe at that time was under the control of Bapiragha Mangur. Bapiragha had a red and white face and blue eyes and he was a tall man. He was brave and generous. He had all the characters of leadership Bapiragha advises the Shkak ,Harki,Mamash,Piran and Warza tribes to save themselves from Wermeh(Razaya) and Sablagh (Mukri)and Maragha ruler. Therefore they attack from two fronts 1 1-Sadasht and Mirawa region 2- Shno and Balaban -1-shortly they defeat the Turks in localities of Yaltamar(Iltamar)Ahktachi by Mmamash tribe that they had occupied there before .Sablagh is surrounded by Budaghkhan, son of sheikh Alihkan, the grand child of Budaghsultan, the ruler of Sablagh Mukuri inters into negotiation with them to satisfy them, they by no means to give toll, but they do not agree and they also invade Myanduab.Budaghkhan inevitably establishes the relations with ruler of Maragha.
Not Every region that called the Turkish name for itself ,they give toll to the people of regions’ area The other tribes in the areas around closed sea of werme and valley of ghasemlu and Salmass defeat the Turks in the villages, the towns of Werme is surrounded by Bulbas forces.The government authorities feel a serious danger. They can not struggle against Bulbas federation. Inevitably they take counsel with central government. The central government advise them to behave with them gently for a period of time. They should receive tax and toll from them. If it is possible for you disintegrate them. The Bulbas tribe likes this behaviour very much and they began commercial relationship with Maragha and Werme. Meanwhile Naghulikhani Dubli The ruler of Tabriz Ahmedkhan Mughadami from Maragha,the ruler of Maragha and Muhammed Golikhan Beglar ,Begi Afshar the ruler of Werme (Rzaya)and Budaghkhan were the rulers of Mukrian Budaghkhan with ahmedkhan to save his power plots to destroy the Mangur tribe. In fact the authority and troop of Kurd were under the control of the Mangur. At first he established his relationship with ahmedkhan Mughadam and several times they invite and visit each other. One day Ahmedkhan tells Bapirahga ,do you know that I am son of Alimohammedahga and my father has been killed by Najafgholikhan Dubli?(1811)Now you can promise to establish links with me to annihilate the ruler of Tabriz.I will become the ruler of Tabriz and you the ruler of Mukrian and Maragha.. Ahmedkhan asks him for thousand horsemen. Bapiragha likes his agreement very much and he orders that ahmedkhan at first makes preparations and secretly receives the help of the troop of Mohammed Gholi the ruler of Werme and settles them in Maragha. Bapiragha chose thousand brave belligerent horsemen equipped with war facilities among Mangur tribe and he moves towards the Maragha. .Ahmed khan receives them and entertains them a lot and divides the horsemen in two and three groups among the families, but he clandestinely orders to make happiness, beat the drum and start gunfire. If they asked tell them you have made us happy.They should not know and they believe us totally and during midnight every family must do his duty to kill his gust. At midnight very cowardly as it is the custom of our nation’s enemy, they decapitated thousands of mangur horsemen and they were massacred. By this tragedy they darken the history of humanity. This cowardly act happened in1819 in Maragha by barbarian and help and conspiracy of Budaghkhan in the history.
The fate of Mangur tribe and Bulbas federation after the tragedy
From Mangur tribe only one horseman can escape, but( he could speak Turkish) and they returned him to the tribe. The versifiers to remember this cowardly tragedy, the only written document is written by oskarman .In the book called Tohfaimozafari, the poet Hemn Mukuriani has versified this verse (the verse of Bapiragha Mangur)The force and the troops of Ahmedkhan and Mohammed Goli and Budaghkhan continuously attack the Mamash Zarza,shkak, harki,Debukri and Fayzollabagi and thousands of Gharapshti,Gharayagh and Rojala are being looted .The massacre of Bulbas tribe that becomes the defeat of Belbas federation, many of Belbas tribe withdrew and settle in mountainous country and some of them after being looted. as prisoners of war they became slaves and they accept to give toll .There should be mentioned that Budaghkhan after all that obeying the enemy and betraying his nation finally his eyes were taken out by Ahgamohammedkhan Qajar and he was killed and deserved his punishment. The Mangur tribe after this happening takes position in highlands of Garmian(the torrid zone) and Ghandil this tragedy could prevent the Mangur tribe from attack for a long time and make preparations for revenge. hunting and golf and line ball become sport of mobilization. On the other hand many children and women became guardian less. To keep the tribe clean and strengthen the population, the boys change their mother for getting a wife that it has created a polite Kurdish proverb. Two women that they have children. They gave a hint to children and said what is that? This child is my grand child and he is the brother of my husband. It is clear that the women among the tribe were greater than their husband because of this kind of family keeping. It is very natural that they had more experience, therefore the respect and taking part of Mangur woman in society gained it’s place. The mothers have been able to foster the storm of hate and revenge of martyred husbands and fatherless and country less son and being migrant, in the heart of the children. According to the situation , they gave strong and serious blow to barbarian and they did not surrendered themselves to them. The bulbas tribe at the front of the Werme came under attack of the government . At the fist time the government has been able to create division between Zarza and shkak , but according this condition they caused them to suffer a great damage. They killed more than thousand of them. The other section of Bulbas tribe that they were entangled with war with Othmanic authority and internecine war in torrid zone of the river and ghandil area , they could not give weaponry help. The cause of this defeat was disagreement between the tribes, after that neither Bulbas federation nor the Kurdish forces could not establish national or regional unity, to be able save themselves from occupier’s attacks , looting and massacres , but it should be mentioned that the great character of Bulbas tribe was defending and not to be surrendered . The role of defence of Balak , shkak ,harki , Zaza , Mamash , Piran, Ako , Koshnaw tribes shines as a shiny star in Kurdistan history .
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